ANTROPOLOGIYA TARIXIDA TANA VA JISMONIY TARBIYA
Keywords:
Antropologiya, jismoniy tarbiya, jismoniy madaniyat, sport, salomatlik, performansAbstract
Evolyutsionist va biologik yondashuvlar natijasida ruh va tana yoki aql va ruh alohida qaralgan anʼanaviy tushuncha tanani faqat aqlga bo‘ysundirgan va uning sezgi vositalarini aqlning idrokiga tushirgan. Madaniy nazariyalarda inson tanasi ekologik muhit, ijtimoiy va madaniy hayot bilan aloqalaridan uzilib, orqa planga tushirilgan. Anʼanaviy ilm-fan madaniy qadriyatlarni aqlga, harakat va faoliyatga oid qadriyatlarni esa biologiya va fiziologiyaga taqsimlagan holda, tanaga oid yangi qarashlar rivojlanishiga to‘sqinlik qilgan. Bu ajratish Dekart merosi va xristianlikning tanani gunoh va istaklarning markazi sifatida kamtarona ko‘rsatishi bilan mustahkamlangan. Antropologiya dastlabki davrlarida tanani ko‘proq passiv shaklda, yaʼni tatuirovka, kiyim-kechak va bezaklar kabi madaniy faoliyat izlari orqali ko‘rgan. Ammo vaqt o‘tishi bilan antropologiya tanani madaniyatni o‘zgartirish va qayta yaratish qudratiga ega bo‘lgan tadqiqot obyekti sifatida o‘rganishni boshladi. Soha rivojlanishi jarayonida yangi ilmiy yondashuvlar tanani markaziy mavzuga yaqinlashtirdi. Ushbu tadqiqotda yangi dunyoning kashf etilishi bilan tarqalgan dastlabki antropologik matnlar, yangi insonning farqli jismoniy xususiyatlari orqali Yevropa tafakkuriga ta’siri va antropologiya doirasida tananing tadqiqot obyektiga aylanishi o‘rganilgan.
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